Natural larvicides of botanical origin against dengue vector aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

Abstract

© 2018, SEAMEO TROPMED Network. All rights reserved. Products of plant origin, with antimosquito potential are now considered as advantageous alternatives to conventional synthetic chemicals for management of mosquito vectors. The present study was, therefore, carried out to investigate botanical products extracted from eighteen indigenous plants as larvicidal agents against the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti. All plant materials were extracted with ethanol and provided yields ranging from 1.90% to 28.31% (w/w), whereas three plant species, namely, Alpinia conchigera, Homalomena aromatica and Litsea petiolata, produced liquid oils with yield of 0.19%, 0.20% and 2.63% (v/w), respectively. A discriminating dosage (200 mg/l) prepared from essential oil or ethanolic extract of each plant species was screened individually for larvicidal activity against early 4thinstars of Ae. aegypti, resulting in five plant extracts with promising larvicidal potential (42-100% mortality). A dose-response larvicidal bioassay against Ae. aegypti established the essential oil of L. petiolata leaf as being the most effective, exhibiting an LC50(50% lethal concentration) of 28.32 mg/l, while the ethanolic extract had an LC50of 187.60 mg/l. This study demonstrates the promising potential of plant products, particularly of L. petiolata oil, in research and development of new natural larvicidal compounds for controlling Ae. aegypti.